Kachin Ral le Tulio Ramkhel Dirhmun

Salai Van Lian Thang

Tuk a Sum Ko

Fei le nam, li le cantiang in a za an ti lo. AK-47 le M-16 zongin an di a riam lo. 105 mm Howitzers le 120 mm mortars an i put i miakpi he miakte he a za cang ti hngal loin an kah hna. Minung tingkhat umnak ngei loin kakip an vai. Sianginn an khar dih. Ke ralkap le tanglei hriamhrei longin an lung a si lo. 

Cung ralkap Jet fighters le MI-24 helicopter hmangin an tha um-ek in an phomh hna. Bom nganpipi an thlak hnawh hna i ralpi thawh in thalo tein an thawhhnawh hna. Reuters thawngzamhtu Martin Petty nih ''ralkap cozah chan hmanh-ah hi bantuk lomman a um bal tung lo hme'' tiah a khuaruah har in ca a tial.

Zen khu le bom khu nih lailei meiduah bang Tlangpar cu chummui khuh in a khuh. Ai! zoh ngam khi a ti lo. Maw! Khuazing zeihme kan sual, tiah mitthli le hnapduk he ruakcung ah ik lengmang in a tap na. Ramtang ah riltam tihal in thlanti he a tai ai rek na, thinphang thlalau in kuan le zen kar ah thindomh in a tli a le na, thi le hnai he sizung an tlikpi cuahmah i thina nungna in zabui meican long a thaw a tang na, ral ramah fimtawl awk tha loin lamtlang ah zu le va ei awkin a ril lengluang mi mithi ruak pawl hna, zohah tuk a sum. Ngeih zong a chia. Thin zong a hung. Thisen an i chuahning a luan ko.

Laiza Kam ah an Ngol

Lei khuaza pi in an zoh salam kho ve lo. US, UK, Tuluk, EU nih ''ma cang uh'' tiah an thlauh hna. Tuluk cu a thin hun aw zong a hun lang manh. Bom nganpi an ram a va tla ve. Bu a phunphun nih ca an thlah i '' a za cang'' tiah an nawl hna. Saunawn a hmur a cipmi Pi Suu Kyi tiang uam kho loin ''ma zok hram uh'' tiah aw khi sang nawnin a hun rak. US ah lamzawh i an au. Bangkok le Kawlram ah an au. Canada, Danmark zongah au an i tim. UNFC nih ''nan ngol zok locun za seh kan ti lai'' tiah ca an chuah. Thurah Shwe Mann min in Palimen nih ca a chuah i  ''online cung talin  ichon than hram uh'' tiah an nawr hna. Kachin MP Dwe Bu nih Palimen ah biatung a luhpi i an zapi in ''ngol zok siseh'' tiah bia an chah. Zanlei ah ruahlopi in Cozah nih cathanh 3/2013 a chuah colh. 19 Jan 2013 nazi 6:00 thokin ''kan ngol cang'' tiah an thanh. KIA zong an cei. Mi tamtuk an i hliam. Inn lo tamtuk a rawk. Chungkhar tamtuk an i tthen. Pawcawmnak tamtuk a kuai. Kawl ralkap zong an cei taktak ve.

KIA le Politik Chim

Kawl nih Panglong biatiam an let lengah Budah Bata cu rampi biaknak ah an ser hnik tikah Khrihfa ram a si ve mi Kachin nih an duh bak lo. 1961 ah KIA an dirh i ral an tho thok. Newin nih uknak a lak cun an tho chinchin. Panglong biakam bang ''Pyidaungsu sitsit'' in rampi ser cu KIO dirpimi a si peng. KIA nih ralkap a chungah thong 10 le a lengah thong 10 an i chiah. Brigade 5 in an tthen. Laiza cu HQ ah an hman. June 1963 ah Cozah he an irem hnik nain a tlolh. Aug 1980 le May 1981 karah thla 10 chung ikah an rak ngol bal. 18 Oct 90 le 24 Dec 92 ah Cozah he remnak an ceih than. Khin Ngunt  nih ''political dialogue'' kan tuah lai timi lemsoi bia ruangah 24 Feb 1994 ah kahngolnak min an thut. Politik cu National Convention (NC) ah tlakpi uh, a hun ti than hna caah 2004 ah KIO le hriamtlai phu 25 cu NC an rak kai. NC chungah voi tampi politik an dirpi nain an bia an lakpiak duh hna lo. July 2004 ah phu 13 in NC ah ca an tial. Hnonpiak dih an si. Feb 2005 ah phu 6 komhin NC Okkathah Thein Sein sinah ca an tial rih. Pompiak duh loin hnu an chit rih hna. July 2007 ah KIO nih tlapruk khat politik biatung 17 an chuah i 2008 constitution chung khumh chih dingin a hal than. Nain, an hnawl piak dih thiamthiam hna.   

Raltuk an Thoknak

Cozah a kai tharmi he politik nan chim te lai an hun ti hna ruangah ''2008 constitution'' fehternak referendum ah KIO zong an tang. Nain, Cozah thar a kai hlan laklawh April 09 ah ''ramricawng (BGF) ah i thleng uh'' tiah awder an hun chuahthut i rumro in hrawh an timh hna. KIA nih an duh ve ti lo. Fakpi in an i dok. Cozah nih a tthum duh bak lo. Zeihlei lam a um ti lo caah kum 17 chung kahdaihnak hri cu Sept 10 ah an chahput. I erhnak a hun lin. Palimen chungin politik tal maw kan chim khawh tiah KIO Vice-Chair Dr. Tuja cu bu in a chuak i Kachin Party an sokter. Nain, register an phih piak hoi. Independent i pek dingin min a pek rih. Phihkhenh rih thiam a si. Zeimaw sualcun Myitgyina khuapi chikhat ah vutcam ah a canter khomi Myitson dam cu KIO nih a doh len nain Cozah nih a pah chih caah an hun i erh chinchin. Ralkap a tomtom in KIA sakhan pong an hun kuat. KIA bawi pakhat cu Kawl ralkap nih an tlaih i a kut an cik hnik, mei in a pumpaluk an hrem hnuah minung muisam pu ti lo dengkhin an thah i a ruak in an khirh. KIA an thin a lin hringhran. Hopoh lung a fak. Ikahnak an hun thok pah cang. 9 June 2011 in Kawl ralkap nih KIA hmunhma chungah a tomtom in an luhhnawh in cun biatak tein an i phomh. Dai kho ti lo in thla 19 chung an hun lut. Voi 2,400 leng an i tu. Mi 160,000 umnak ngei loin an vai. IDPs camp 30 leng an ser. Khuaci an mui taktak ko. (Ref: Eleven Media, 4 Jan 13)  

KIA le Peace Talk:

Ral an thawh hnuin Cozah he voi 11 remnak bia an ceih than. State level in voithum, Union level in voili, unofficial in voili an ichon. Cozah leiin Bohmuci Than Aung, U Aung Thawng, U Aung Min tiah ''chief negotiator'' voi 3 an i thleng. 30 Oct 12 ah Tuluk ramri Ruili ah hnubik an itong. Cozah lei nih ''kahdaihnak'' min thu hmasa uh. Cu hnuah ''politik kan ceih te lai'' an ti peng. KIA nih an zum kho bak hna lo. Kum 17 chung chukcho an hlenning hna a fah caah an lung a hring. Kahdaihnak a thar in tuah lengmang a hau ti lo. Politik kan ceihcolh lai tiah fekthup in an dirpi peng ve. Cozah lein politik bia le hla chung an luhpi colh khawh ve hna lo tikah an i rem kho lo. Buchoh Gunmaw nih ''KIA hmunhma i Kawl ralkap hi hnuk kir than dih uh'' kan ti pohah bia a tang peng. Kahngolnak kan tuah lai i cu hnuah zeidah kan cang lai? Cu a phi cu kan kawl pengmi a si'' tiah a ti. KIO nih ''political problems'' cu pakhatnak a ti lioah Cozah nih ''military solutions'' hi pakhatnak a ti ve i kahdaih rumro a nawr. Ralbawi ngan Lt. Gen Myint Soe hna chonhnak an kalter. Politik pakhatnak an chiah duh lo tikah Buchoh Gun Maw a kal duh ve lo. Cuticun remnak ser kho loin an tang.

Cozah Mitin Zohnak (Govt Perspective):

1. 2008 Phunghrampi article 338 ah ''ramchung um hriamtlai vialte Tatmadaw uknak tangah an um dih lai'' ti a um. 2008 constitution a hun fek hnuin Tatmadaw uknak tangah a kun duhlomi ramchung hriamtlai phu poh phunglo bu an si. KIO nih Tatmadaw tangah ''ramricawng BGF'' in an i thlen duh lo ruangah phung ningin kan phomh, an ti.

2.  Tatmadaw nih ''rampi himnak caah ramchung ramleng ral vialte dohnak ah a hruai lai'' tiah Phunghrampi pohmah 339 ah a um. KIA nih ''tlanglawng lam an hrawh. Hlei an chah. Electrik hri an tan. Bom an phum i lai an nawn, burbuk phen in mi an kah, mi an thihphoih, tirawl chan ralkap lamkam in an thah'' hna ruangah mipi himnak le khamhnak zawnruat in KIA hmun an khuarnak tlangpar le pongkam ram vialte cu ralkap thazang in kan thianh dih. Herhnak ah Helicopter le Jet Fighter kan hman, an ti.

3. Cozah nih ''kahdaihnak min kan thut hmasa hnuah politik kan ceih lai'' kan ti. Hriamtlai phu 10 leng he min kan thutti kho ko lioah KIA nih an duh bak lo. Cakuat hna an kan let duh lo. Ralkap kong ceih dingin ralbawi ngan kan thlah. Nain, biachat kho ralbawi ngan an hun ratter duh lo. Tamadah nih ''pum vennak'' longah hriam hman dingin awder a chuah i ralkap nih kan zulhthlap. Nain, KIA nih an kan kah peng caah kan ngol kho lo an ti. 

Kachin Mitin Zohnak (KIA Perspective):

1. Politik kan chim lai an ti ruangah 1994 ah kahdaihnak kan lak. Politik cu NC ah va chim uh an ti than i, NC kan kai. Voi tampi kan chim nain hnompung ah an kan hlonh piak dih. Cozah thar he chim uh, an ti than caah ''referendum'' kan thohkhan. 2010 thimnak ah Dr. Tuja luhter kan timh. Nain, Party register an kan phihpiak i ramricawng ah luhter i hrawh an kan zalh. Cozah thar a kai i voi 11 kan itong. Politik ceih hmasa hrim duh loin kahngolnak tuah rumro an kan fial than. Cozah nih ''political dialogue'' tuah duh loin kum 20 chung chuk le cho a kan hlen ruang le hloh an kan timh ruangah ral kan tho an ti.

2. Cozah phunphun nih Kachin ram rumnak lengtang thilchuak le sui le ngun cu ramdang ah an zuar i phaisa an i sanh dih. Inntha mawtaw tha an i cawk i an fa le cu vawlei sianginn thabik ah an kaiter hna. Company phunphun Kachin ram an hun i hruai hna i hydroelectric ti an kham. 90% cu Tuluk ah an zuar i phaisa an ei dih. Kachin mi ca a miak zeihmanh a um lo. Mitthep karah Myitgyina khuapi vutcam ah a canter kho mi Myitson dam an kan serhnawh. Thingkung ramkung tampi an hrawh. Kachin vawlei le tiram venhim cu kan rian a si. Kan ram a hrawk cuahmahmi pohpoh kan ral an si an ti.  

3. Tulio ral i dohnak hmunhma hi Cozah nih 1994 remdaih lioah KIA an kanpek ciami hmunhma longte a si. Battalion a tomtom in KIA kan hmunhma cia le kan tualleng chungah miakpi he helicopter he an hun kan luhnawh. Kahdaihnak a thar in ser a hau ti lo. Ralkap vialte hi KIA hmunhma in ''dok than dih hna uh'' law ral a dai ko lai. Ralkap thawnternak ah hriam le riahchaw a hun ngalhtu tlanglawng, mawtaw le thilri lam le sul vialte cu kan ral tihnung an cang dih. Cucaah kan hrawh i kan tan. Nan ralkap hi rawlchanh hau loin '' hnuk kir than zok uh'' tiah an ti ve.

Hmuhning le Zohfiannak:

i.  ICG an i tatahak lai: Thein Sein nih Dec 11 ah ''pum i vennak'' ti locun kap ti hna hlah uh, tiah awder a pek hna. Voi 2 a nolh. Nain, cu hnu ah voi 1360 leng an i kap than (Mizzima, 14 Dec 12). SSA he voi 50 leng an i kap fawn. Miakpi long si loin Jet Fighter le Helicopter tiang an hman i KIA sakhan an lak thluahmah.hi cu ''defensive'' si loin ''offensive'' a si zia a fiang. Ralkap nih ''Thein Sein bia'' zei an rel lem rua lo. Peace talk lamthluan ah khamtu a um len te lai. Thein Sein ''reform process'' zong a mui a hun chia. Ramleng zumhnak zong tamtuk a tla. ICG nih April ah remdaih laksawng Thein Sein pek an timh cu uico chang ei sual bang laklawh in an i tatahak len men lai.

ii. Laiza khuapi a him ti lo: 19 Jan nazi 6 in ''kah kan ngol cang'' tiah Cozah nih ca a thanh. Diriam cikcek in an kah hna i an duhmi KIA hmun vialte an lak hnuah an ngol. Lajayang ram hrong long an ngol i Kachin rampumpi in an ngol lo. Hmun dangdang ah ikahnak a um thiam. KIO nih ''ram pumpi in ngol uh'' tiah cathanh an chuah ve. Cozah nih Laiza cu lak kan tim lo, an ti peng. Nain, meng 4 hlat in an um cang i Laiza kulhtu le vengtu KIA ralhau sakhan le tlangpar hna cu Cozah kutah an phan cang. Hi hmun an lak hnu cun zeitik a puak lai tiah bom tarhhnawh bang Laiza khua cu a him ti lo. Thil hmete ah faktuk in i zuanhnawh colh an fawi. Thein Sein ''ngolnak'' cachuah nih sullam a ngeihter tuk lem te lai lo.

iii. Suu Kyi hi a pa a lo rua lo: Arakhan le Kachin ah mi a singsing in an thih cuahmah lioah holh lo tein Pi Suu bia aa sum. Tlangmi lung a rawhter ngai. NGO phu 23 komhnih ca an chuah hnawh. SNLD nih an nolh rih. Holh cang hme an ti. Ka thlak lai lo. Hun tlangtlak dingcun Cozah ''official sawmnak'' ka herh, a ti. Pi Suu nih Cozah lung chiatter le ralkap he mithmai ichiat a phang rua. Phunghram remh duhah a chungin sizungzi a luh a si kho men. 2015 thimnak caah ''strategy'' phunkhat a hman a si kho fawn. Aung San cu Tlangmi kongah U Saw le Basein huat tih loin Attlee sachoh min a thut ngam. Kawl huat tih loin ''secession right'' aa kam rih. U Saw nih a thah taktak ve. Pi Suu cu a pa a lo lo an ti chin lengmang.

iv) UNFC le KIO:  Hriamtlai phu 11 funtu UNFC nih KIA kah nan ngol locun kan i chon lai lo an ti. Tulio UNFC Okkathah hi Lt. Gen N. Banla a si. Thein Sein nih ''kumthar cakuat'' Hluttaw sin a kuatmi ah Cozah nih hriamtlai phu he politik chung luh cang dingin ''political framework'' kan suai cuahmah lio a si, a ti. MPC nih timhtuah dawh in a um lio a si. UNFC nih ''political framework'' an ngei ve. Cu pahnih cu Cozah he Jan thla ah ceihti an i tim. Hi ceihtinak hi UNFC roadmap 2 nk a si. Japan hna a hmun an sawh. Nain Aung Min nih a duh lo. Chonhnak hmun cu Thailand ah siseh an ti. Nai 88 hruaitu upa he tonnak ah Bochoh Gunmaw nih ''UNFC le Cozah chonhnak ah KIO kan i tel ve lai'' a ti. Nain, tulio ikahnak nih thil zeimaw chunglei ah va den pah dawh in a um. Remdaihnak pumpi ''peace process'' bel a hrawk lai zumh a um lem lo. Thla tlawmpal cun UNFC le Cozah ichon dawh in an lang ko. Remdaihnak taktak bel i hlat pah rih dawhin kan lang.  

Tlangkawmnak:

Tulio raltuknak ah Cozah lei tang Chin ralkap 37 an thahmi hna an ruak tha ten kan fim hna tiah Kachin Pastor nih an chim. Mipakhat a nungin an tlaih i si tha ten an thlop fawn. Theih lomi zeizat dah an va um len hnga. Chin miphun hi Kawl Cozah lei tangin Karen ral (Insein) le Kachin ral ahcun nunnak tampi thap in kan tang kho dom nain CNA bel ahcun kan thazang a der ngaimi nih khua tampi ruahawk a umter. Kawl Cozah nih Tlangmi le Tlangmi tha lo tein thisen a kan chuahter mi ko huat a tlai.

Tutan Cozah nih Kachin hi tluk lommam in an kahmi hna a ruang zoh tikah thahrum hmangin KIA an thazaang zorter thluahmah i politik an dirhmun ttthumh thluahmah hna seh law ''ceasefire le peace process'' tuahpi kho hna uh sih, timi an tinh ruangah sidawh in a lang. Chonhnak pungsan pakhat an lim i hriamtlai phu UNFC he ''political dialogue'' chunglei hun luh an timh thok cang tikah Cozah dirhmun ''political position'' tthawng deuh fek deuh te seh tiin ''an ho le an tin'' an hun chuah hnawh ta hna zong a si kho fawn.

Thla 19 chung an ikap cang nain ruahnak lengin Kachin hi thazaang an ngei i an thawng. Biatak tein Cozah ralkap an dirh khawh hna. KIO hruaitu hna nih Khuazing Pathian an i bochan ning zoh ah uar an um khun. Pathian kan leiah a tang ko an ti. Harnak phunphun nih den lio le sa le ral nih zuanhnawh lioah mi tampi cu an itthek i an i tthen chinchin nain Kachin cu an zapi in an tangrual i an i pum chinchin mi ko khi zohchunh an tlak. Biaknak, ramkhel phu le zatlang phu ti um loin an zapi awkhat an chuah dih. Palimen chung a va thumi MP tiang an hun i fun kho.

Kachin nih thisen an thletnak thawngin Cozah nih Tlangcung miphun dirpimi ''Federal le Self-determination'' kha fak deuhin an tuak ve deuh ngaingai lai zumh a um. Vawleipi nih Tlangmi hi zeiruang setdah ral an thawh timi kan kong an hun hmuh fiannak zong a si rih fawn. Vawleipi map ah Burma ram khoika a um timi a thei set bal lomi ram zongnih kan kong an hun siaherhnak a cang. Fawinak chim ahcun Kachin nih Tlangcung miphun zapi aiawh in ral a kan dohpiak. Tlangmi kan zapi in tang sih law a lamkip in bawm hna uh sih. Hi raldohnak nih Tlangmi caah thil tha pakhatkhat a chuahpi te lai zumh a um ko.

Cozah nih an hmun cia ah an va luh hnawh hna i an va kahmi hna a si. Cozah phunphun nih ''politik'' chim an duh bak lomi le KIA hrawh rumro an i timh ruangah ral kan kan tho, tiah an ruah. Tulio an ikahnak hmunhma vialte hi Cozah nih 1994 remdaih lioah KIA hmun an pek ciami hmunhma chung long teah a va cang. Cozah nih an hmun cia ah an va luh hnawh hna i an va kahmi hna a si. Cozah nih ''kan ngol cang'' tiah an thanh. Nain, Diriam cikcek in an thuat hna i an duhmi a tlin hnuah an ngol. KIA HQ Laiza himnak caah KIA ralhau sakhan vialte an lak hnuah an ngol. Meng 4 hlat ah hmaitonh in an dir ko.

2015 Election Cuanhnak: Chin Political Party, National Party le PR System

Chin National Party le Chin Progressive Party an i fonh cang timi thawng nih khuaza a hun denning a rang ngaingai. Thli in thawngzamhtu RFA nih cun vawlei tla manh loin thli in khuaza a culpi colh. Chunglei in a ken telmi thil zeimaw nih Chin miphun lungrualnak caah damnak sii a hun phorh chih lai timi zumhnak ka ngei. Chin politics ah roling tuanbia dawh an kan tialpiak tiah ka ruah caah an thawng nih a ka lawmhter ngai ko.   

I tthumh nun nih remnak a ser tawn:

Dotu phunphun kar ah Aung San-Attlee minthut in Frontier area kongkau tha tein a cuan khawh cu Aung San nih lungput kaupi in Tlangmi tuanbia a recognize ngam caah a si. Ramkomh ah hramhram fonh loin Panglong ah Tlangmi ruahnak tha tein hal hmasa i tthumh zong pawi a ti lo. UB ah Tlangmi nih lungrual tein kan i komh kho cu 'secession right' a um ruang a si ko. Bamar nationalists hna dohnak fakfak kar ah 1947 Constitution Chapter 10 ah 'Secession right' a cuan kho cu Tlangmi halmi cohlan dingah Aung San nih i tthumh nun lungput kau a ngeih caah a si ko.  

Cucaah Union of Burma tiah ramkomh pakhat nganpi tuchun a hun i hrin khawh nak cu Tlangmi hruaitu upa hna le Pu Aung San nih lungput kaupi le an dirhmun ah a herh cun tangdor in an i thumh khawh cio caah a si ti kha kan hmuh. Lungput kau le i tthumh nun a um tikah i komhnak le i funnak a har bal lo. CPP le CNP Party pahnih kha pakhat ah an i komh kho cu hruaitu upa hna lungput kau an ngeih caah a si. Lungrualnak lungphun kan phun khawh cu i thumh a herhnak ah hruaitu upa hna tangah an i dor khawh caah a si. Cu lungput cu zohchunh a tlak hringhran tiah ka ruah i upatnak kan pek hna.  

Chinram Cozah: National Party Vs Regional Party?

Political Party an si bang Cozah ser cu i timh cio dih dawh an si. Cucaah a kalcia mi Election umtuning zohin a ra laimi hruaitu thimnak ah Chinram political party pawl dirhmun ka hmuhning hun cuanh ta ve ka duh ko. 

Chinram Parliament ah MP seat 24 a um. Military appointee 6 an um caah Party pawl seat cuh awk 18 a um. Hihi 2010 Election ah USDP nih 7, CPP nih 5, CNP nih 5, ENDP nih 1 seat nan hmuh. NUP, UDP le M/KNUP nih seat an hmu lo. NLD ai cuh lo.

CNP, CPP, ENDP an i fonh a si ahcun Chin Palimen ah MP seat 11 an hmuh. Military appointee 6 le USDP 7 an i fonh tikah seat 13 an hmuh. MP seat 2 tein an in tei hna i majority an si caah tuchun Chinram cu USDP le Tatmadaw nih Cozah an ser i an kan uk. USDP MP Hung Ngai kha Chinram Vuncichoh ah ser a si. Thil pakhat chinhchiah awk cu: Vunci cu MP tlin lo zongah tuan kho dih a si nain Vuncichoh le Tahmadah cu MP tlin hmasa hrimhrim a rak hau. 

Kawlram kum 60 a rak ukmi an si caah USDP kha tei har ah rak ruah dihmi a si. Cozah cu an mah ta bantuk ah ruahcia a rak si. Nain, 2010 election umtu ning kan zoh a si ahcun Chinram ah Party pawl rak tang thiam hna seh law USDP le Military nih Cozah an ser kho hrimhrim hnga lo. Thimfung tlak ningnih fiang tein a langhter.

Tiddim constituency 1 in USDP candidate nih vote 6124 a hmuh i MP a tling. CNP candidate nih vote 5717 le CPP 751 an hmuh i an i fonh ahcun vote 6468 an hmuh hnga caah USDP candidate kha an rak tei tuk ko hnga.

Kanpalet constituency 1 in USDP candidate thiam nih vote 1451 a hmuh i MP a tling. NUP le CNP rak i komh hna seh law 1875 an hmuh lai i fawi tein USDP kha an rak tei ko hnga. CNP, NUP, CPP in alliance rak tang le bang hna seh law mee 2474 an hmuh hnga i USDP candidate cu an rak thah deng hnga. 

Mindate constituency 1 in USDP candidate thiam nih 3251 a hmuh i MP a tling rih. CNP le NUP rak i fonh ahcun 3277 an ngah lai i USDP candidate cu rak tei khawh tuk a rak si. Party pathum an i komh le bang ahcun mee 4965 an hmuh hnga i USDP cu fak ngaingai in an rak tei hnga.

Hi tin rak tanti hi a har ngai  kan ti ko hna lai. Nain, 2010 lio election ahcun USDP party kha ho Party poah i  kan ral nganbik a rak si dih. NUP i a ral nganpi zong a rak si. Cucaah rak tanti khawh lo ding khi a rak um lo.

Cu tin an rak tanti thiam ahcun: MP 24 chungah USDP seat 4 long an hmuh hnga i Military MP he an i fonh cun MP 10 long an ngei hnga. Party dang pawl nih MP 14 an ngei hna i Chinram Cozah fawi tukin an rak ser khawh. Chinhchiah tha a simi cu: CNP le CPP long fonhin cun Cozah kan ser kho hlei hnga lo timi hi a si. Party dang vialte he komh lo cun regional party long cun kan har thiamthiam. Kan ral nganbik cu: National Party USDP a si. 

1990 election zoh rih uh sih. 1990 ah khan Chinram ah MP seat 13 a rak um. Candidate 55 nih an i cuh. Party 7 nih an i cuh. NLD nih 4, CNLD 3, ZNC 2, MPP in 1, Independent in 2, NUP in 1, MP an rak tling. Hi zawn hinhchiah tha a simi cu: Chinmi party pakhat cio in seat kan hmuhmi khi zoh ahcun ho party hmanh Cozah ser kho dingin a thawngmi an um lo. Kan ral nganbik cu: National Party NLD kha a rak si. Ziahtiah party pakhat cio seat hmuhmi kan zoh cun Chinram ah NLD seat zat a hmumi Chin party kan um lo. Vote a tlak zat in rel cun NUP hmanh kan rak tei lo. 

Nain, 1990 Election lio ahcun Chinram regional party pawl vialte le Independent MP hna cu UNLD alliance min in an rak tang thiam tikah komh in MP seat 8 an rak hmuh i national party nih Chinram ah hmunhma hrimhrim an rak ngei kho lo. Cozah sernak rak pe hna seh law Chinram Cozah cu Chin Party komh nih an rak ser hnga. Nain, Chinram party pawl komh loin kan mah duhning cio in kan rak i tthenthek ve ahcun National Party kan rak tei hlei hnga lo. 

Hi umtuning zohin 2015 election kan cuanh a si ahcun:

1. April by-election result kan zoh tikah Politics ahcun zungzal hoikom le zungzal ral timi a um lo an ti bang Pi Suu Kyi hruaimi NLD hi Chinram ahcun Chin political party pawl kan ral nganbik ah a cang te men lai. 1990 ah NLD a thawng ngai i vote lei NUP a sang ngai. 2010 ah USDP nih a kan tei ngai. Cucaah Chinmi party pakhat te long in dir ahcun Chinram ah national party hi kan tei hna lai zum a um lo. 

2. Party pahnih komh in teh kan tei lai maw? CNP le CPP komh zongin kan tei lai zum a um lo. Zeicatiah 2010 election kha kan zoh ahcun CNP le CPP hmuhmi vote fonh zongin USDP MP Pu Kui Thang kha vote 12 in an sungh thiamthiam. USDP MP Pu Ning Ngai zong kha CNP le CPP fonhmi vote in 478 an sungh thiamthiam. Cucaah teinak lam um a ummi cu: ZCD, ENDP, UDP tbt hna he alliance pakhat in hlan UNLD bang regional Party vialte dirti khawh longah Cozah a sernak lam a ummi a si. Cu locun national party kan tei hna lai ti kha chim a har ngaingai mi a si.

Union Cozah ah Regional Party pawl dirhmun

Union Level politik kan zoh a si ahcun hi a tanglei pawl hi a cang khomi a si ve in a lang.

April thla by-election ah NLD nih seat 44 ah 43 bak a lak. I cuh dih seh law 44 ningin a lak lai. 1990 ah 492 ah 392 bak a rak lak hoi. NLD election a luh phot cun landslide victory a si peng. 2010 zong i cuh seh law USDP a tei ko lai. Hi  umtu zoh in NLD nih 2015 ahcun Cozah a ser khawh tuk kho men. Cozah a ser khawh long a si lo. Kan Pi Suu a nun chung cu NLD nih Elected Dictatorship tuan khawh peng dawh in a um fawn. 

Regional Party a simi Chin Party pawl hi Union level politik ah zeitin kan um ne lai? Tulio electoral system ning ahcun Brotherhood Forum dirh in Tlangmi party vialte kan tangti zongah siseh, Kawl Party he fonhin hoikom Party 10 dirhin kan tangti len zongah siseh Union level politik ahcun NLD kan tei kho lai zumh a har ngaingai ko. Kan si kho bik ah strong opposition chungah kan i tel khawh vemi long a si lai. 

Cucaah mee a hmu sangbik nih tei i a dang sungh dih timi tulio FPTP Electoral System kan hman chung cu: 1990 lio UNLD le NLD an tangti bang Chin party le Tlangmi hna nih Union Level ahcun NLD kan thlah lo hi kan caah thatbik dawh in a um. USDP le a dang Kawl Party kan komh hna nih san a kan tlaihpi lai zumh a um tuk lo tiah ka hmuh.  

Nain, Center Cozah ah NLD he tangti in State Cozah ah NLD he i doh than timi consensus-based politic phun cu Regional Party pawl nih kan khel thiam tak hnga maw timi ruah awk ngai a um ve. India ram ahcun democracy chung an  pil ning a thuh tuk cang tikah Center Cozah ah an i do nain State Cozah cu an serti than ko hna i cu umtu cu hlat deuh dawh cu kan lang rih. 

Regional Party le Opposition

Kawlram Parliament umtu hi Party pakhat le pakhat i doh phun kha a si khawh chungin hrial an i zuam rua ti awk phun khin a um. Opposition Party timi rim a tlau ngaingai.Thimnak a dih in teitu party nih Cozah ser loin Cozah sertu President cuh kho dingin ho party poh lam an awn rih. Thein Sein zong kha Pyituh Huttaw ah Saw Thein Aung (Phlon-Samaw Party) nih Vice President a cuh ko. Amyotha Hluttaw Sai Mauh Kham kha Dr. Aye Mawng (RNDP) Party nih Vice President a cuh ve. Vice President an tlin hnuah Pyidaungsu Hluttaw ah President an i cuh than. Chim duhmi cu: USDP nih thimnak an tei nain Cozah an ser colh lo. Party hocapoh ah Vice President cuhnak lam an on. Hi nih Paliamen ah opposition aw a tlau ter deuh ngai.

Cun President nih Cabinet a form ning, cun Hluttaw Committee an serning, Hluttaw chung debate an tuahto ning kan zoh tikah opposition rim tlau khawh chung tlau ding kha thi deng in an i zuam in a lang. Ruling Party nih opposition party hna kha vote an thlakpi ko hna. Rulung party USDP chung khat le khat hna kha an i do than. USDP Party chung veve an si nain executive branch le legislative branch hna kha an tangti hlei lo, an i do lengmang ko. Hlan AFPL Party Cozah chan ah Party pakhat le khat an i that deng bantuk strong opposition umter kha cu rim cikcek dawh in an lang caah hi tin tuah dawh an si. Cucaah Regional Party nih Union Palimen ah opposition thawng kan tuan lai ti hi khi zumh khawh a har ngaingai ko.

Regional Party le Vice President .

Tulio Kawlram hruaitu thinlung ah President  hi cu election teitu party chungin si seh law,Vice President pakhat hi cu Tlangmi chungin siseh, cun VP pakhat rih hi cu ralkap chungin ra te seh tihi constitution an suai lio hrimhrim in rak tinh dih dawh in a um. Shanpa Sai Mauk Kham hna VP an pek taktak ko i Tlangmi kan fahnak thlop a kan tinhmi sii phunkhat si dawh a si. 2008 Constition section 230 ah Vice President One Union Ministries le Union level organizations phu vialte Budget zohtu a si caah nawl a ngei tuk. Tint Aung Myint Oo ai dinh cun a tu Shan pa khi VP one ah a kai caah very powerful a si in a lang ngaingai ko. VP two an si zongah State Cozah budget zohtu an si caah nawl an ngei thiamthiam.

Chim duhmi cu Union level Cozah ah Tlangmi nih election kan tei kho lo zongah Vice President post pakhat hi cu chiahpiah cia dawh hrim in kan um. Tulio ah Shan pa nih a tuan cang i Chinmi nih hmailei ah kan tuan te lai lo tiah chim kho a si lo. U Nu Parliamentary chan zongah Shan mi Sao Shwe Thaike le Karen mi Mahn Win Maung ti bantuk kha President ah tuanter an rak si ve ko hna. Nain chinhchiah awk ngai a simi cu: Sai Mauk Kham nih VP a tlaih khonak cu USDP a si ruang a si bang Sao Shwe Thaike le Mahn Win Maung nih President an rak tlaih khonak cu AFPL Party an si ruang a si. National Party thawngmi ah an rak um caah a si. Cun an pathum hin Tlangmi an si nain Buddha biami an si dih. Cucaah Chin mi nih VP kan tuan te sual zongah NLD le USDP tbt national party a ummi Chinmi ca longah si kho te ding khi in a lang i cu hmanhahTheravada Buddhism si longah a lam a um in a lang. 

PR System le Regional Party

Tulio Electoral System hi 2015 ahcun an thlen lai timi bia a thang hringhran lio a si. International Crisis Group nih cun electoral system hi an thlen locun 2015 ahcun Tlangmi party pawl cu sir ah an hnawn dih kho mi hna a si i, tulio a kal cuahmah mi kahdaihnak tiang a rawhter dih khomi a si tiah warning a kan pek cang. ICG nih an dirpi mi cu Tlangmi regional party ca ahcun: Proportional electoral system (PR) hi an damnak sii a si lai, a ti (RFA radio: 2012-07-27). Stanford University political science scholar Larry Diamond zong nih '2015 ahcun NLD nih a zapi in a ruh dih khomi a si caah PR system hi Kawlram ca cun a fairer system a si deuh lai' tiah a chim ve. 

Union Election Chairman zong nih  Kawlram hoikawm Party 10 a sawm hna i tulio electoral system hi  PR system ah thlen dingin a ceihpi hna tiah thawng theih a si. EC Chairman nih' PR system ah thlen dingin Palimen ah kan chuahpi lai' tiah a chim, tiah U Thu Wai nih RFA ah a rak chim. Cu bia cu a chungin rang ngaingai in kal cuahmah lio dawh in a lang i tlawmpal ahcun thang deuhin a aw zong a hung ring te men lai. Cucaah PR in an kan thlenpi ahcun Regional Party pawl nih zeidah kan lawhpi tak tak hnga ti khi ruah len awk a um ko. 

Thil a fiangmi cu: PR system kan hman ahcun multi- party system a nunter lai i zeitikhmanh elected dictatorship government a chuahter lai lo. Elected Dictatorship a tuan khomi NLD party ca cun huat a tlai tuk hringhran ko lai. Nain, Chin party a simi Tlangcung party pawl caah cun elected dictatorship a chuah lo cu kan damnak sii thabik a si ve ko hnga. Hi national level politik ahcun PR cu kan caah a tha bak kho men. 

Mahbelte ruah awk a ummi cu: PR kan hman cun State Parliament (Chin Hluttaw) ah National Party (USDP, NLD, NUP etc) nih seat tam deuhpi an hun ngei kho ve ngai hoi. Cucu kan caah thinphan ngai a si than. Cucaah PR cu regional level politik ca cun a tha bak lo kho men hoi.

Cun 1990 thimnak kan zoh tikah SNLD kha vote cun 1.5 % long a hmu nain MP cu 23 a hmu i a tam tuk. NUP kha MP 10 te long a hmu nain vote cun ram pumpi ah 21.9 % bak a hmu i a sang hringhran. Constituency kipah NUP kha an sung dih nain vote leicun NLD dawttu an si dih.

Nain FPTP system kan hman i PR system kan rak hman lo caah MP tam leiin NLD dawttu 2nd winner phu cu Tlangmi komh UNLD tu a rak si i NUP cu zoh dawh lo tukin a rak sung. Hi lio mee a tlak tamning hi kan zohcun: PR hi rak hmang sih law NUP nih Tlangmi cu a rak kan thah deng ko hnga i NUP kha NLD dawttu MP tambik ngeitu a rak si hnga. Cucaah PR system cu national level politik ah Tlangmi pawl 2nd position dirhmun sinak a kan khamtu a si kho ngai hoi. 

2010 election kan zoh rih ahcun Pyituh Hluttaw ah NUP nih vote lei cun rampumpi vote tla 19.44% bak a hmu nain MP 12 te long a ngei. SNDP party kha vote lei cun ram pumpi ah tlawmte 2.44% long a hmu nain MP cu 18 bak an tling hoi i NUP a thah deng.  Cucaah PR system kan hman ahcun  USDP, NUP tbt national party tha kan pek ah khin a cang hnga. Cucaah PR system kan hmun cun national level politik ah USDP, NUP tbt national party caah a tha kho ngaimi a si.

Thil pakhat a ummi belte cu: PR system kan hman ahcun landslide victory Party an um ti lai lo i MP kan i thlau tuk ti hna lai lo. NLD nih a zapi in a rut dih ti lai lo. Cu tikah national party a simi USDP, NUP tbt an hun thawng tuk ve hnga i India rambantuk Party tampi komh in Cozah ser timi: Coalition Government phun chuah a fawi kho ngaingai. NLD le USDP tbt kha Cozah serpi tu kawl in thi deng in an vak hnga i an mah le an mah an i do peng hnga. Hi bantuk a chuah ahcun Tlangmi minority party pawl kha Cozah tuanpitu (King Maker) ah kan cang kho ngaimi a si. Hi bantuk consensus-based politik kan luh cun PR system cu kan caah a tha tukmi a si ko hnga.

Cucaah PR system hi Chin miphun kan caah a chiatnak zong a um kho i a thatnak zong a um kho ve thiamthiam in a lang ngaingai. Tutiang cu a thatnak lei in a cuai cu a tlai deuh ving mi cu a lo ngaingai tiah ka hmuh.

Cucaah Chin Political Party hna nih Cozah kan ser lai kan ti ahcun Union Level le State level ah Political party pawl komh zia kan thiam a biapi ngai ko hnga i  2015 caah Electoral system zong fimkhur tein kan i thim thiam a biapi ngaingai lai. 

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2008 Phunghram le Tlangmi Damnak

U Shwe Mann le Federal Phung:

Huham a ngei ngaimi Hluttaw Speaker Thurah Swe Man nih '2008 Phunghram remh hau loin Federal ramkomh sernak ding upadi a hran hun suai uh' tiah a fial hna, timi thawng nih tulio tadinca cahmai a khuh ngai. Ramlu ramtaw a hrawn cuahmah i Federal cu kan thihnak le nunnak tlukin kan ruah caah Tlangcung miphun hnakhaw ah a hung ring khun. Ne Win, Saw Mawng, Than Swe chan chungah kakhatte cip hmanh tih a nungmi biafang kha rampa pakhat nih a hun kan pahpi phot tikah a thlihran a hun i dang ngaingai. 

Tlangcung hriamtlai phu 10 leng he kahdaihnak an ser. Union level biakchonhnak a phanmi an tam pah cang i zeiset khi kan hei lawhte hnga tiah lung awtawm in kan um. Tlangmi nan zawtnak cu 'hriamnam lampi' siloin 'ramkhel lampi' in kan thlop lai tiah bia cu an i tiam. Daihnak kalpining lamthluan 8 an ser. Tlangmi nih 6 an dirpi ve. Tlangmi nih Parliament lengin biadongh relcat an duh. Phunghram cu remh lo kho lo ah an ruah. Cozah nih biadongh cu Parliament chungin dih seh,  Phunghram remh kong cu Parliament nawl siseh, an ti ve. Zeibantuk sii phun in dah Parliament chungin Tlangmi zawtnak thlop cu an kan timh tak hnga timi ruah awk ngai a um  lioah Thurah Swe Mann nih 'Phunghram remh hau loin Federal phung bantuk upadii a hran hun suai uh' tiah MP pawl nawl a hun pekmi hna thawng kan hun theih cu biapi ngai a si tiah ka hmuh. 

Thein Sein le Tlangmi Covo:

July thla ah Union Peace-making Central Committee meeting a voikhatnak cem an thu i, ram lubik pawl an tling. Speaker Shwe Mann le ralbawi Myin Aung Hlaing zong an thu. Hi meeting ah Chairman tlaitu Thein Sein nih bia zeimaw a tenhta mi a rak um. Phungram Section 348 Chapter (8) ah phun, chuahnak, biaknak, dirhmun, nunphung, nupa sinak, le mirum sifak karah thleidannak um lai lo. Cun Section 347 ah 'a hopoah upadii hmaiah i ruannak equal rights an ngeih lai i, i ruang tein phung nih himnak a pek lai. Cun Section 365 ah 'rammi  hopoah caholh, nunphung hna zalawng tein thanchoternak covo an ngei lai' tiah tial a si cang. Cucaah Tlangcung miphun hna an duhmi tlinternak caah siseh, rampi fehfuannak a chuahpi i Tlangmi he i kahdohnak a donghnak hnga Tlangmi caah nunnak thahripi lifeblood tlukin a biapimi i ruannak equal rights le a dang Tlangmi covo hna cu Parliament nih upadii in nan ser ahcun remdaihnak committee kan rian hi zokzok in kan lim colh ko lai tiah ka ruah, tiah a rak chim. (The New Light of Myanmar: 4 July 2012, Pp-8). 

U Thein Sein bia hi zeitin an kalpi tak te lai tiah ngiat peng an si. Zarh a rau lo. USDP Party in Bill Committee Chairman U Khun Myat Ti nih 'Tlangmi covo humhimnak upadii' ser dingin Paliament ah biasu a hun luhpi colh. Bia a lum hringhran. Tamlak an dir. Pi Suu Kyi tiang aw khi sang nawnin a voikhatnak bik Parliament ah biachim a thok phah ve. Lungrual tein biasu cu a tlang i an fehter. SNDP in Bill Committee member Daw Nan Wa Nuh nih 'ramkulh Cozah an nawlngeihnak covo' biasu zong a chuahpi rih. Tu le tu nawn Parliament ah Tlangmi kongkau bia a lut cang. Cozah hnakhaw ah biafang thurhnom ah ruahmi Federal hna an khel len. Nain, a tak ramah zeitiangdah an kan phanhpi theih a rak har ngaingai tawn. Thlahnih hnuah U Swe Mann nih  'Phunghram remh hau loin Phunghram schedule two i ramkulh pawl upadii sernak nawl State Legislative Lists kha a hrampi chiahin Federal upadii a hran hun suai uh' tiah nawl a hun pek, kan hun theih hi a si. Bill Committee nih an suai lai i Parliament chungah fehter timh dawh in an lang. 

2008 Phungram le Federal

Ruah awk a ummi cu: 2008 phunghram remh loin Federal kan hmu kho taktak lai maw, timi hi a si. Tlangmi hruaitu EBO lutlai Harn Yawnghwe nih 'zeitindah Tlangmi, Kawlmi le Tatmadaw karah remdaihnak taktak kan kawl khawh lai? Hmailei kalnak lam um chun cu: 2008 phunghram chung i ramkulh upadii serphu le ramkulh cozah tuahnak nawl an pekmi chungin lam a um. Tuahnak nawl cu a tlawmtuk, nain hi Phunghram long hi luatnak kan hmuh hnuin Tlangmi zawtnak thlop a hram a hun thoktu phunghram a si. Hi tuahnak nawl an kan pek cangmi lengah Thein Sein decentralization policy bang nawlngeihnak kan kauhchap expand kho rih ko lai' tiah a chim.  (Irrawaddy Interview: Friday, 11 November 2011). Hihi a tawinak cun: 2008 Phunghram chungah Federal a um len ko i kan kauh chap ahcun kan zawtnak zeimaw tiang cu a kan thlop kho ko lai, a tinak a si rua, tiah ka hmuh. Hihi Thein Sein bia le Swe Mann bia bang 'Tlangmi covo upadii serchap' an hun timi he a a luanning a kalti ngaingai. Biahalnak a ummi cu:  2008 phunghram nih zeitiangdah kan zawtnak a kan thlop cang i zeipawldah kauhchap ding cu an bau len rih timi hi a si. 

Tlangmi hruaitu Dr. Lian Sakhong nih 2008 Phunghram chungah Federal ruangam tete zeimaw an um i Tlangmi nih kan rak hal pengmi a hun i telmi cu: mipi nawlngeihnak, Union Paliamen innhnih an sermi, Amyotha Hluttaw ah i ruangtein kuzale kan thlahmi, ramkulh Cozah, ramkulh Paliman le High Court an sermi le Mul-ti party democracy phung an hun sermi an si. Nain, 2008 phunghram nih kan zawtnak a hun thlop rih lomi hna cu: self-determination hmannak caah state constitution tialnak nawl a um rih lo. Ralkap nih 25% Palimen thutnak an lak rih i, zauk phung, nuhrin covo le nu le pa i ruannak gender equality a um rih lo. Tlangcung miphun equal rights le self-determination taktak kan ngei rih lo' Tlangmi kan halmi a bau len rihmi kha a langhter. (BSES, analysis paper no 5, Oct 12, Pp-15). Ruah awk cu: hi a bau len rihmi hi Phunghram remh lem loin Thein Sein le Shwe Mann biabang Paliamen chungah upadii serin kan duhmi kan hmu kho dih lai maw, timi ruah awk a han um than.   

  

2008 Phunghram Remh?

 NLD nih Phunghram remh hrimhrim lo cun zauk phung a tling kho lai lo tiah a hramthok tein an rak aupi peng cang. Mipi thim lomi ralkap 25% Palimen an thut cu democracy phung he aa kalh, tiah an ti. Caanrem an bawh i 2008 Phunghram cu remh hrimhrim an i tim. U Shwe Man bia hi CNP Chairman Pu Zozam nih a hun leh '2008 phunghram hrim cu pei tuahnak nawl a um lo caah remh kan timh leh cu. Hi phunghram cungah hrambumh in upadii kan ser chap lai timi hi cu zeihmanh a chuak hlei lai lo' tiah a ti. Arakhan hruaitu Aye Thar Aung nih ' 2008 Phunghram chung i state legislative lists cungah hrambunh in tialmi upadii nih a zei Federal khi a chuahpi lai lo. Ramkulh Vuancichoh President nih a thimchom mi te hna tampi remh ding a um' tiah a chim. Hriamtlai phu UNFC zong nih 2008 phunghram remh hrimhrim a hau, ti cu an dirpi pengmi a si. Cucaah Tlangmi kan zawtnak hi 2008 Phunghram remh locun a dampiang kho lai lo ti hi a fiang. Biahalnak a ummi cu: 2008 Phunghram remhnak lam a um kho maw?

Upadi lei mithiam Dr. Ngun Cung Lian nih cun 'kum 14 hmanh ah kan remh dih kho lai lo. 2008 Constitution a hram thawkin a dongh tiang a rel lo mi hi Kawlram chung um kum 18 cung minung 100 ah 30 hmanh kan um hnga maw ti mi hi ka ruah leng mang. A ruang cu, Constitution cauk an chuahmi a tlawm tuk pinah, Constitution zeitluk a pawi mawh ti mi a fiang lo mi kan tam ngai. Ni khat ah remh zong kan duh cio ko lai. Asinain, kan remh kho lo cu ta. Kanpinu Daw Suu hmanh pei, 2010 Election i tel a tha ko kan ti le, a duh lo i, a tu ah 48 hmun i cuh aa timh cu. Hmun 500 hrong i cuh khawhnak ah i cuh lo in, hmun 48 i cuh cu, ka khua ruah a har ngai ve. Asinain, a lung a fim kan ti lai cu. Daw Suh hmanh a lung a fiang lo ahcun, kan mah bantuk zaraan (ordinary) pawl lung i fianh ding cu a har ko' tiah Phunghram remh a harnak kong a tial. 

Tulio Cozah lutlaitu thinlung ah zeitindah a um ve hnga? Thurah Shwe Man aw-an hi zoh ahcun Phunghram remh leiah a lung a um rih lo ti kha a langhter chihmi a lo ngai. BBC hard-talk ah Thein Sein nih 'Phunghram remh kong cu Parliament nawl a si, kei nih ka remh kho lo' tiah a rak leh ve cang. Phungram cu Hluttaw MP 75% lengah a tlawmbik Tatmadaw MP pakhat tal nih lungtlinpi lo cun remh kho a si lo lengah biapi deuh cu referendum tuahin pompi a haumi a tam ngaingai. Cucaah MP zapi nih remh an duh hmanhah ralkap lungtlinpi locun a si kho lo tlukin a lang. USDP party tah an lungthin zeitin a um hnga?  USDP General Secretary (tucu Vice Chair 3) U Htay Oo nih 'hi phunghram cu kum tampi caan lakin ceihhmai cikcek hnuah tialmi a si. Can zeimaw hnuah aa tlak ti lomi a um cun kan remh ko lai. Nain, a tu cu remh ding a um in ka hmu rih lo' tiah remh a duh rih lonak kong a chim. (RFA: 2012-02-03). 

Tlangkawmnak:

 2008 Phunghram nih ramkulh pawl ngunkhuai kholh khonak phun 19 le upadii sernak nawl phun 44  a kan onh. Mizoram nih upadi sernak nawl phun 66 an ngei. Central Cozah he upadi serti nawl concurrent lists phun 47 an ngei. Tulio 2008 phunghram ahcun concurrent list zong a um lo lengah a tangmi residuary powers zong Union Cozah nih an lak dih. Nov 9 ah Kachin MP U Khet Hthein Naing nih Hluttaw ah' Ramkulh Cozah nih Tlangmi caholh le nunphung phu sernak nawl Central Cozah nih kan pe uh' tiah biasu a chuahpi i MP 8 nih bia an chim. Deputy Home Minister Bohmuchoh Kyaw Zan Myint nih a hun dir i a lehmi cu 'Tlangmi cu hmun dangdang ah nan i tthek i nan um dih caah ramkulh pakhat nih nan sermi phu kha ramkulh dang pakhat nih a hun pawm locun harnak a um kho lengah ramkulh chungah miphunfa le miphun ngan hna i theihsualnak a hrin khawh rih i  Tlangmi lungrualnak a rawh kho caah hi nawlngeihnak hi cu Central Cozah nih tuanvo kan lak rih a hau' tiah a leh hna (NLM: Nov 9: 2012, Pp 9). 

Tutiang ah Federal phung cu chim hau loin caholh le nungphung phu sernak nawl hmanh ramkulh Cozah kutah nawl pek har an ti hringhran. Thein Sein le Shwe Man bia ningin 2008 phunghram chungin nawlngeihnak an hun kauhchap ahcun zeitiang khi dah an hei va kauhchap duh hnga timi ruah awk ngai a um. Thil a fiangmi cu Mizoram hmanh kan phan naisai lai lo timi cu a fiang. Cucaah Tlangmi kan zawtnak hi Thein Sein le Shwe Mann nih thlop a kan timhmi sii phun nih hin cun a kan damter kho lai zumh a um lo. Zeidah lampi a um kho lai? 

USA um Center for Strategic and International Studies nih Sept ahkhan report pakhat an chuah i an tialmi cu 'Kawlram thlennak taktak caah tulio a biapicem mi cu 2015 hlanah opposition groups pawl nih ralkap he izumhnak le hoikomhnak ser khawh chung ser i zuam hi a si. Hihi a tu le 2015 hlan karah big opportunity an ngeihmi a si. Cu longah 2015 election ah teinak an hmuh ahcun Phunghram remhnak ralkap nih an pompi kho hna lai' tiah an tial. (CSIS Myanmar Trip Report, Sept 12, 2012- Pp 3). Hi ruangah Pi Suu Kyi nih Tlangmi ikahnak kongkau le Rohinya kongah bia ai summi zong si dawhin a lang ngai i, 88 generation group zongnih a chungin kalpi dawhin an lang ve. Cucaah Tlangmi zong nih CSIS report chimmi bia hi biapibik in kan kalpi a herhmi lam a si bik ko rua, tiah ka hmuhning a si. 

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